Ratholing occurs when material in the center discharges completely while material nearer the walls of the hopper. Flow stoppages due to arching and ratholing within ingredient feed hoppers and bins are more than just a nuisance, since these problems will directly contribute to the composition of the final blend for a period of time. The purposes of this investigation were to develop a method to evaluate flow properties of powders from avalanching tests and to detect similarities and relationships between. Figure 10. Powder flow can be defined as the ease with which a powder will flow under a specified set of conditions. Problems associated with ratholing are flooding, substantial variation of density in product, and eventually no-flow. 2. 1016/0009-2509 (96)00250-3. The typical problems encountered are either a cohesive arch or ratholing. , and J. Flow obstructions occur when the forces opposing motion exceed the forces promoting. The primary measure of powder flowability is the powder flow function - which gives a measure of the amount of strength the material retains at a stress free surface following consolidation to a given stress level. In mass flow, there is no chance of ratholing, so the size of the bin is not important. Irregular flow; d. Includes supplementary material: sn. Hoppers designed for mass flow with high quality surface finishes can address these issues. The two most common flow problems experienced in a silo, bin or hopper are arching (bridging) and ratholing. Allows study of full sized storage and gravity flow, along with vertical conveying up to 65 feet to the top of silo. • Minimal power consumption. Check out this expert article on Powder Handling in Encapsulation from Right Stuff Equipment, experts in solid dose processing & packaging machinery. FLOW PROBLEMS 2. Hoppers designed for mass flow with high-quality surface finishes can address these issues. If a mass-flow bin is required based on the flow char-acteristics of the powder or bulk solids, the next step is to determine an appropriate outlet size and feeder. Posted by Control Concepts USA on September 13, 2022 7:13 pm. pub/extras. Researchers at Purdue University have developed a new technology that solves the caking, bridging, and ratholing that occurs in powder flow from hoppers and bins in agriculture and other industries. 2. Powder flow obstruction during hopper/bin discharge, such as arching or ratholing, remains an outstanding risk and cannot be reliably diagnosed using the existing flow function coefficient-based method. Ratholing is influenced by the bin/hopper geometry and outlet size the material is fed through. Funnel flow silos are usually more cost effective to construct, costing between 20-30% less than mass flow silos, but are not suitable for all materials. Define Ratholing. The large open inlet exceeds most materials’ critical arching diameter, preventing bridging and ratholing. ratholing, flooding, and inadequate flow rates, and more. Ratholing can be avoided if you pay attention to calculations. Valves & Actuators. Wall friction angle (against SS plate) = ϕ’ = 25º Bulk density = γ = 22 lb/cu ft Angle of internal friction. It may lead to injury and hazardous plant environments, and compromise product safety. E & FN Spon, London and New York, pp 131–141Bin Activators are equipment conically shaped that aid dry bulk material flow from storage silos, or hoppers. flow, including ratholing, erratic flow, flood-ing and segregation. , flow pattern (mass flow or funnel flow), and obstructions to flow (arching, ratholing). PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING. A better approach to predicting flow behavior is to take the characteristics of wall friction (φ w ). Ratholing is influenced by the bin/hopper geometry and outlet size the material is being fed through. Powder preparation. In this case, powder discharge from hopper is not predictable. 8 B), F > 63 and F > 90 had practically equal outlet diameters (1. Ratholes develop most often in conical hoppers that are not steep enough to produce flow at the walls. 2. Typically, a dilute phase line conveys less than 15 lb (~7 kg) of solids per pound (~0. They all refer. Powder rheology is used in a wide range of. These flow problems can result in powder caking, production delays, increased operator intervention, or product losses. In the case of my Allen Mags, the 257 and 6. Reaching a certain level in the bin where the material has time to consolidate. Ratholing occurs when discharge takes place only in a flow channel located above the outlet. Based upon mathematical models, Jenike developed design charts to determine which flow pattern is to be expected during gravity discharge from a bin or hopper. Flow Function: Line of a powder’s Unconfined Failure Strength versus the Consolidation stress that is applied to it. Maintaining reliable powder flow of each ingredient to a continuous blending system is essential for its performance. 1 Importance of powder flow in the pharmaceutical industry 6 1. Ratholing is a common flow issue in storage structures. It may be necessary to apply several linear vibrators when the entire bin must be cleaned. Factors that affect the flow behavior are discussed. Erratic flow results when ratholes collapse, causing the powder to arch as it impacts the out-let. Whether powder will flow smoothly or in an erratic manner inside a bin or a hopper depends on the flow pattern inside that equipment. 327. 11. Multi-Craft Services. A superb discharge device, it overcomes all the typical powder handling and flow problems of bridging, blockages, mix segregation, flushing and core flow that are commonly associated with butterfly valves. 4. Process Control & Automation. to 2:15 p. 5). The flow of powder out of a silo is stopping primarily for 2 reasons ; either formation of arches. Material Flow Solutions, Inc. Jenike shear testing has determined the following characteristics given below. Assessment and predictive modeling of pharmaceutical powder flow behavior in small-scale hoppersForty years ago, Jenike [Gravity Flow of Bulk Solids, Bulletin 108, Utah Engineering Station, 1961] and Johanson [Flow Indices in the Prediction of Powder Behavior, Pharmaceutical Manufacturing. Flow difficulties at the blending step often manifest as slow/no discharge or ratholing. Ratholing. , Listowel, Ireland. Meet hygiene and safety requirements and remove the risk of cross-contamination. 487 and 1. One of the recommended types of flow aids is called Mechanical Agitation. If the material is even slightly cohesive, material may stick to the walls and eventually become part of the bin structure. A critical orifice measurement apparatus was developed to study powder flow initiation from an arching state into an enclosure where the air pressure is reduced. Thus, it will not be separated. Case Studies Keep product moving by preventing buildup, bridging and ratholing. 2002). Ratholing synonyms, Ratholing pronunciation, Ratholing translation, English dictionary definition of Ratholing. This method may be used for all powders, dairy and non-dairy products. Figure 3: Stagnant, cohesive powders can form a stable rathole in funnel flow. The large inlet exceeds most materials' critical arching diameter, preventing bridging. No flow due to arching or ratholing. 4. Additionally, when vibrators are used, the Magnetic. Rotoflo is designed to help with material handling ensuring that silo discharge is free-flowing and controlled when handling a number of diverse materials. Geometry modifications are. 400 Business Park DriveRatholing is a scenario that powder starts. If the coarser particles stick to the sides of the hopper they can get rancid and contaminate the next batch. 6 Therefore, a material that has poor powder flow needs to be pre-processed before attempting direct. The phrases “failure to discharge” and “erratic flow in the. Use the following guidelines for impacting vibrators: Wall Thickness of 0. Andrew W. Hoppers. Flow occurs in most powder-based processes, opposed by various cohesive forces. offers powder testing services (flowability, friction, time consolidation, strength as used for comparative tests, silo design for flow and silo design for strength) and. Gravity Flow. , 2003). Avoid silo problems, such as bridging, funnel flow, ratholing, arching, segregation and product decay. Bulk solids and powders frequently encounter various flow challenges, including bridging, ratholing, flooding, and inadequate flow rates, and more. , useable) capacity, as low as only 10–20% of the bin’s rated storage capacity. Problems of powder flow a. LEARN MORE Powder Cone Valve System. Learn in this page what are the root causes of both arches and ratholes and how to avoid them. Some of these conditions include:. Feeding, Weighing, Scaling 2. 1 Shear strength. For each of these bins type, the critical outlet diameter, to avoid arching and ratholing, should be calculated in order to ensure a good flow. Calculation of a Hopper Geometry for Mass Flow An organic solid powder has a bulk density of 22 lb/cu ft. Exceptions are the ore concentrate or fine powder bins which usually are of the mass flow type. 5D Bunker: A shallow bin, where H < 1. The primary design objective when determining the bin geometry is to ensure that bulk solid or powder will flow with the effects of gravity, and without flow obstructions occurring. powder becomes deaerated in the stagnant region of a funnel flow bin, it usually develops 2. In some cases through the design procedure it is found that a. Most flow problems are connected with the funnel flow pattern and can be avoided if the hopper is designed for mass flow (Johanson, 2002, Purutyan et al. Flow problems, such as ratholing, arching, and erratic flow, can be eliminated with appropriate container geometry. Carson, “Fine Powder Flow Phenomena plastic powder, food products, and pharmaceuticals. Sometimes, slow mixing paddles can keep bridging and ratholes under control. Full size image. The Circle Feeder has a variety of features but widely known for its ability to prevent material arching, bridging, and ratholing. Scope. 2 feet 2. True. It is only possible to compare materials using the same reference stress. The nozzle releases highly pressurized air pulses to promote on-demand, first in and first out flow. Besides that, powder flow can be determine by the angle of repose make by the powder itself when poured onto a flat surface throughout the hopper. 14. It is a superb discharging device overcoming all manner of powder flow problems. . Whey protein is classified as a combustible powder, and high concentrations can create a. 5). Powder flow obstruction during hopper/bin discharge, such as arching or ratholing, remains an outstanding risk and cannot be reliably diagnosed using the existing flow function coefficient-based method. Flow issues can hurt your facility so let us fix your ratholing problems. The rest of powder compacts under vibration and get les flow-able in the time, so if a flow channel is established it will stay on the same place. Process Systems 1. Let us explain how the use of vibration or sudden large blasts of air solve material flow problems. Powder rheology is the study of the behaviour of powders as bulk assemblies, consisting of solids, liquids and gases. 8 9 Dissolution can be improved by improved. 5 % Hang-Up Indices CONSOLIDATION TIME 0 HR 16 HR Arching Index (AI) 1. Two common flow issues. Typical powder flow issues found in the hopper are ratholing, bridging, and segregation. Thus, reliable information of flow properties of the pulverized coal concerned is required for reliable flow from the hopper, which is essentially crucial in handling and processing operations [8], [9]. powder flow problems. Ratholing occurs when discharge takes place only in a flow channel located above the outlet. Bridging is the name given to the self- created arch that develops just above the outlet of a bulk material silo or hopper as it empties. to 11 a. pharmaceutical tablets, detergents, ceramics, powder metallurgy etc. Powder flow characteristics and vessel design vary tremendously. 2. If your effective is 20’ after 3 days at rest the rathole dimension is 18. 0”. To improve the flowability of powders, flow aids or lubricants such as magnesium stearate are often incorporated in formulations. The large open inlet exceeds most materials’ critical arching diameter, preventing bridging and ratholing. Two modes of flow can result in dense phase, namely piston/plug flow and. Powder flow obstruction during hopper/bin discharge, such as arching or ratholing, remains an outstanding risk and cannot be reliably diagnosed using the existing flow function coefficient-based method. The powder has relatively low cohesive strength. Ratholing: can occur in a bin when the powder empties through a central flow channel, but the material at the bin walls remains stagnant and leaves an empty hole (rathole) through. The reason for this is that when a result in a flooding condition at the outlet. The design of a silo is based on the most economical case: gravity flow. Data were presented as mean. 4. Your benefits of a HETHON Feeder. Arching or bridging is a flow-arresting situation whereby the powder mass creates a structure (such as a dome or a bridge) above the outlet hole inhibiting flow completely. 71 Funnel / core flow. Eliminate bridging, rat holes, stuck material and uneven flow in chutes and pipes. See Fig. The powder influences the silo by the flowability of powder causing bridging and ratholing. Bridges of powder can form in your containers preventing flow. Silo: A tall bin, where H > 1. 24hr Emergency Service. Uneven flow, ratholing, segregation or bridging during tablet. steeper than. Mass flow eliminates ratholing and maximizes the pers with planar geometries (e. A proven and practical scientific approach for designing bins and feeders based on a material’s flow properties. Definitions: Bin: Any upright container for storing bulk solids. Ratholing occurs when material in the center discharges completely while material nearer the walls of the hopper remains in place. The behavior is irregular and often catastrophic for achieving regular powder flow. Keep product moving by preventing buildup, bridging and ratholing. As the silo empties, side material flows into the middle channel. Where less desirable properties are present, poor powder flow can: lead to challenges during blending (no discharge or ratholing), 4 difficulties when discharging the powder into the hopper 5 or issues regarding weight uniformity in the tablet. In addition, a cone-shaped member 360 is mounted thereto and functions to prevent ratholing of bulk powder and to assist the formation of powder mass flow. The. 8 lb/min Feed Density Index (FDI) 24. 2 Flowability indicators used in industries 7 1. The advantages for handling powders and bulk solids via fluidization instead of traditional deaerated gravity flow include: Elimination or reduction of arching (bridging) or ratholing problems Powder Cone Valve System. A silo for wood dust and gypsum powder regularly gave flow problems. Use of Inverse Cones – A cone placed in the powder bowl can help fight the negative effect of poor flowing powders. Solimar Fluidisers create twice as much aeration action as many lookalikes. Powder flow is critical to a range of pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. 8 feet 12. To improve the flowability of powders, flow aids or lubricants such as magnesium stearate are often incorporated in. Ratholing: can occur in a bin when the powder empties through a central flow channel, but the material at the bin walls remains stagnant and leaves an empty hole (rathole) through the material, starting at the bin outlet (Fig. Powder flow is a critical attribute of pharmaceutical blends to ensure tablet weight uniformity and production of tablets with consistent and reproducible properties. The critical arching dimension, of 5. In order to achieve mass flow, tion hoppers) are shown in Figures 5 and 6, respectively. Explains how bulk solids flow influences the design of a plant or an installation. Identifies suitable test methods and helps to interpret and understand their results. 1 Test Methods. Flow stoppages due to arching and ratholing within ingredient feed hoppers and bins are more than just a nuisance, since these problems will directly contribute to the composition of the final blend for a period of time. 3º Peschl 4 Inst Flow Function - Raw 0. Ratholing, another flow arresting situation, is when material directly above the outlet flows but the rest of the powder mass closest to the walls does not, creating a tunnel. PBS: Why is the handling and processing of. Modeling of particle mixing and segregation in the transverse plane of a rotary kiln. Aside from funnel flow, powder bridging is another undesirable flow issue which can occur in the hopper (Fig. UNIT- 3: HANDLING OF SOLIDS (2 HOURS) Sliding and flow of powder, Method for free flowing powder and granules, methods for cohesive powders Bins, Vacuum and conveyor. Reduce costs in manual labor for unsticking materials from bins or hopper walls. If a mass-flow bin is required based on the flow char-acteristics of the powder or bulk solids, the next step is to determine an appropriate outlet size and feeder. In a silo, hopper or bin, the powder is exposed to various pressure. Powder rheology is the study of the behaviour of powders as bulk assemblies, consisting of solids, liquids and gases. Because of this flow pattern, funnel flow silos that are not emptied. C - For flow, D> y or ff y (a) powder has a yield stress greater than c/ff no flow occurs. 1 Funnel flow bins When a fine powder is stored in and discharged from a bin having a funnel flow pattern, ratholing and flooding problems are almost inevitable. flowsonic supports the flow of powders in silos, pipes, feeders, conveyors and other bulk material handling applications. The mass flow hopper section ensures a uniform, controlled. Motor with gear suitable for running at 30 rpm. You would think after all these years that our industry would realize that there is a scientific approach to solids handling and therefore silo design. R. 2 Mass flow bins sufficient cohesive strength that its critical rathole diameter (the flow channel diameter at Flooding and ratholing problems can be which a rathole becomes. Mechanical Agitation when used properly will condition the material to a uniform bulk density and eliminate bridging/ratholing resulting in the material filling the flights of the feed. flow channel empties, flow stoppages will occur when powder along the walls remains stagnant. The Wolfenbuttel, Germany) is used for measuring the flow properties of bulk solids or powder ( fig. rathole, bridging and segregation to occur. m. Different process problems, such as arching, ratholing, and segregation could arise during silo operation due to its poor design or extreme operating conditions. Ratholing = funnel flow: discharge. AirSweep breaks up material blocks and sweeps the vessel walls clean. ‘Rat-holing’ (shown in Figure 2a) is the principle flow obstruction in a core-flow vessel where the powder in the flow-channel above the outlet discharges and leaves a stable. Referring now to another embodiment shown in FIGS. Mechanical Services. Materials interlock or bond together to form an arch above the outlet, blocking any flow. Pacific, Joe Marinelli, president, Solids Handling Technologies Inc. Once the central flow channel has emptied, all flow from the silo stops. However, when the fine iron is held inside a coagulation of powder, then it could be held out of the reach of the maximum magnetic force. In systems not designed with the material type in mind, powders and bulk solids can. Ratholing is a flow obstruction that can cause erratic discharge from a bin, as well as induce material caking. Arching occurs when large particles interlock to form an arch at a hopper outlet and stop flowing due to. 3485 Empresa Drive San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 Tel: 805-541-0901. Critical Rathole Diameters, Df, ft—“D” is the diameter of the opening required to collapse a rathole, while “f” stands for funnel flow. The rest of powder compacts under vibration and get les flow-able in the time, so if a flow channel is established it will stay on the same place. Powder & Bulk Processing. , answered a few questions from Powder & Bulk Solidson common powder handling and flow issues and how operators can take steps to fix or prevent. Tired of hammering on equipment, engineers thus began the development of flow aids for bulk solids. Preventing Arching and Ratholing. 0 feet Ratholing Index (RI) 10. the powder flows at the place of the smallest flow resistance. Thousands of plants around the world use AirSweep flow aid systems to solve bridging, ratholing, and other material flow problems. Of course the outlet of the hopper has to be large enough to prevent bridging above the feeder. As the level of material in the flow channel drops, a resistance to further flow into. Arching occurs when large particles interlock to form an arch at a hopper outlet and stop flowing due to shape, pressure, moisture or temperature. For each bulk powder the low powder percentage retainedFlow and discharge of powders in process vessels are well known to give rise to significant handling problems in a range of processes, for example in the pharmaceutical, mineral, chemical and food industries. Hey Guys! Today I'm going to show you how to replace a bad cv joint (Constant Velocity Joint) step by step. Prevent bridging and ratholing. 4. Powder & Bulk Processing. If the material being handled is cohesive, the material outside of this channel will. The system is designed to help prevent powder bridging and ratholing in silos and hoppers. To overcome bridging the wall friction must be reduced or prevented from occurring. Mixing & Blending. "Rotoflo is the best silo discharger!Ratholing can occur when coal flow takes place in a channel located above the silo, bunker or hopper outlet. the relationship is called powder flow function Yield locus and family of yield loci Determination of y and c. The final potential issue is erratic flow, in which flow alternates between ratholing and arching (see Figure 1). Bridges of powder can form in your containers preventing flow. Some products like dry cell battery. Leading Powder Handling Equipment. 1 Shear strength. Discharge of powder from a hopper or bin is a common operation in solid dosage form manufacture. 3’, meaning that an 18. These issues are most likely due to improper storage, a poorly selected. Moreover, ratholing will not occur in mass flow, as all of the material is in motion. A mass flow screw feeder prevents preferential flow which can lead to ratholing and arching problems. piping or ratholing may occur. Figure 10. 2. Attempts to initiate flow, such as use of vibration on hopper with rubber mallet or increasing powder paddle feeder, did not work. The typical problems encountered are either a cohesive arch or ratholing. 11. 24hr Emergency Service. Pumps, Motors & Drives. Potential issues with powder flow from containers due to improper design include ratholing, arching, or erratic flow. High Shear Microfluidizer. There are many consequences of flow problems. Maintaining reliable powder flow of each ingredient to a continuous blending system is essential for its performance. 14. was used to control the flow of powder. Test results allow a formulator to determine required hopper outlet dimensions that will prevent flow stoppages, hopper angles necessary to prevent ratholing, and outlet sizes required to achieve. Ring Shear Tester to measure the flow properties of powders and bulk solids such as internal friction, strength, caking, cohesion, wall friction and bulk density. In powder technology, the flow conditions are from. Air pads may be needed to move the first material and merely gravity or small vibrations can be sufficient for the second. Powder flow obstruction during hopper/bin discharge, such as arching or ratholing, remains an outstanding risk and cannot be reliably diagnosed using the existing flow function coefficient-based method. Royal, T. 2. Many laboratories are equipped with shear cell testers, which measure the fundamental flow properties of powders, i. A bridge forms when wall friction holds up the ends of the arch. Eur. The finest fraction did not flow through a Hall flowmeter, then. The Cone Valve technology within each of the Matcon IBCs overcomes powder bridging due to both the lifting action of the cone and its integral vibration during lift. Most problems that manifest on the. m. An extreme case of funnel flow is referred to as “ratholing”. 31+0. This creates a non-flow regime whereby a discharge aid is needed to re-initiate powder flow from the silo. Efficiency– As explained earlier ratholing powder flow can be likened to creating a “funnel effect”,meaning silos and hoppers cannot be used to their full storage capacity. Pumps, Motors & Drives. Many factors can lead to ratholing in your hopper, bin, or silo. 4. It is therefore imperative to know your powder properties in order to design the desired silo. Discharge of powder from a hopper or bin is a common operation in solid dosage form manufacture. Discharging aids. Vibratory flow-aid devices can also be installed on the infeed hopper to. powder flow is uncontrolled due to randomly collapsing of rathole (Royal and Carson. This is indicated in hopper calculations as “Free Flow” or “0. Predicting powder flow behavior is important to successful solids-handling processes. The reason for this is that when a powder becomes deaerated in the stagnant region of a funnel flow bin, it usually developsFlow function is only half of the solution because it’s a measure of powder cohesiveness: Powder flows if: Ì % = σ1/ffc The external stress arising from gravity, (a. ). Fine particles and low-density particles tend to float on the liquid surface, making powder addition extremely difficult (7). include arching (when the powder forms a cohesive bridge over the outlet) and ratholing (when the powder flows out only from the. powder ratholing, bridging, agglomeration) occur. FLOW PROBLEMS 2. The limiting condition for flow: c y ff - to reveal conditions under which the flow will occur. The Circle Feeder is used to reliably discharge all types of granular materials. 2002). critical pressure at the abutment of the dome ê $) in hopper design principles, is the stress that facilitates powder flow Pharmaceutical powder discharge from a hopper Buildup in the silo is an indication of ratholing and potentially asymmetric flow, which can increase pressure loads inside silo walls. 1. How to prevent ratholingAuthors: Dietmar Schulze. This chapter provides guidance in designing bulk solid (“powder”) handling equipment to provide consistent, reliable flow and to minimize segregation. 5 kg) of gas at a pressure of less than 15 psig (~1 barg). 3b) occurs in case of funnel flow if only the bulk solid above the outlet is flowing out, and the remaining bulk solid - the stagnant zones – is consolidated and forms the rathole. 1 Bulk solid handling Measuring the flow properties of bulk solids and how to use this information for the design of storage vessel. It was shown that a very small reduction of pressure changed the critical orifice diameter significantly. Typical powder flow issues found in the hopper are ratholing, bridging and segregation. Ratholing. The key to feeding cohesive materials in a screw feeder is with the use of Flow Aids. Unstick material and promote even flow. 3 and Fig. This is due to issues related to the flow pattern of most bulk solids: arching in the hopper occurs during mass flow when the arch builds sufficient strength to support the powder above it; ratholing in the storage vessel. In practice, this group of bulk materials is the most common. Powder strength data at each consolidating stress are plotted on the graph in Figure 4 to produce a graph called a “flow function. The hopper design plays a role in this as hoppers with sharp angles and rough surfaces can inhibit powder flow. The common flow problems in hoppers and silos can be summarised as follows: (a) no flow, (b) segregation, (c) flooding and (d) structural failure. Before. Ratholing occurs when only a flow channel located above an outlet discharges product. By ensuring all material moves under discharge, Mass Flow helps to ensure material consistency and avoid issues such as segregation and ratholing. a hole made or used by rats 2. The flow properties that govern whether a powder is prone to ratholing include cohesive strength, wall fric-tion, and bulk density [1-5]. If the material being handled is cohesive,. Preventing Flow Stoppages in Powder Handling Processes. 36 3 Wall Friction Angle 24. The system is designed to help prevent powder bridging and ratholing in silos and hoppers. A key variable that will have an impact on the flow is its cohesive strength. When you have buildup in the silo, the loads associated with asymmetric flow can be detrimental to the structural integrity of the silo as they can lead to wall failure and total silo failure. The obstruction to flow would have a significant impact on the overall CM process as it. Silos and hoppers are particularly prone to this issue if the. size, form, elasticity, water content and temperature, which influence compressibility. Powder Hand Process 4:293–299. Cocoa powder storage in silos, hoppers and bins can be fraught with blockage problems such as bridging and 'ratholing' because of its cohesive. (Note: The terms bulk solid, bulk material, and material are used interchangeably. Topics covered in this lecture include flow problems due to arching and ratholing, flooding issues, limiting discharge rates and segregation problems. For example, testing on a Flodex™ may show that a neat API powder has flowability of 26 mm, with a round tabletDischarge of powder from a hopper or bin is a common operation in solid dosage form manufacture. Polimak Bin Activators are used in several industrial applications to efficiently discharge dry solid materials in powder or granular form from upstream equipment, thereby, reducing bulk material bridging or ratholing while promoting mass. It is the only flow aid that can handle. The API AeroFlow automated flowability analyzer was tested using 6 pharma. Typical powder flow issues found in the hopper are ratholing, bridging, and segregation. Major Testing: Bulk Density Measurement [ USP<616>] Tapped Density. m. 361 14. Increase powder fluidity enables spreading. Dust management, flow promotion, level monitoring and a wide variety of. Even high viscous material can be fed through the feeder and discharger smoothly.